Exploring the "Ice Frog" - Amietia Vertebralis
Welcome to a journey into the captivating world of a unique amphibian, the Amietia vertebralis, commonly known as the "Ice Frog" or Maluti River Frog.
This remarkable species, belonging to the Pyxicephalidae family, captures the imagination of nature enthusiasts and herpetologists alike.
Let's dive into the intriguing life of this amphibian, which thrives in the high - altitude aquatic landscapes of Lesotho and South Africa.
The Ice Frog Unveiled
Imagine a Frog with a dark brown, warty skin, exuding a somewhat squat yet majestic presence. The Ice Frog, or Amietia vertebralis, is not your average backyard Frog. It's relatively large, with females out - sizing their male counterparts.
The head of this Frog alone can measure up to 6 cm in width. Their bellies and insides of legs are a contrasting white with dark reticulation, making them a sight to behold.
The tadpoles of the Ice Frog are as robust and large as their adult counterparts, with a Gosner stage 40 tadpole reaching up to 7 cm in total length. These tadpoles are characterized by their darkly mottled body, tail, and fins.
A High - Altitude Lifestyle
The Ice Frog has adapted to life in cold, clear mountain streams within montane grasslands, at elevations ranging from 1600 to 3400 meters above sea level. This Frog is largely aquatic, capable of staying underwater for extended periods - up to 30 hours!
During winter, it's not uncommon to see them swimming under ice. Breeding takes place in the warmer months, with males calling from submerged positions or with just their heads protruding above the water.
Eggs are laid in large clutches, attaching to sunken vegetation. As they grow, tadpoles and juveniles tend to stay closer to the water surface and in shallower pools compared to adults. It's interesting to note that freshwater crabs form a significant part of the Ice Frog's diet.
Conservation Status
Currently, the Ice Frog is classified as "Least Concern" by the IUCN, thanks to its wide range and abundance in many parts of its habitat. However, it faces localized threats such as afforestation, dam building, and overgrazing, leading to river siltation.
Other potential dangers include diseases like chytridiomycosis and the introduction of non - native species like Trout fish.
Notably, this species is protected in several areas, including Sehlabathebe National Park in Lesotho and Ukhahlamba Drakensberg Mountain Park in South Africa.
Despite being locally abundant, the Ice Frog's dependence on pristine habitats makes it vulnerable to human activities, especially in areas impacted by projects like the Lesotho Highlands Water Project.
Behavior and Breeding
The Ice Frog leads an almost exclusively aquatic life. Adults are often found on rocks and under stones or among vegetation at the water’s edge. They have the remarkable ability to remain submerged for days, breathing efficiently through their skin.
During breeding, from mid - September to February, males call while almost completely submerged, creating a mesmerizing underwater chorus.
The eggs are laid in shallow, gently - flowing streams or pools with sandy or stony substrates. Development of tadpoles can take several months or even more than a year in the wild. These tadpoles are specially adapted for life in fast - flowing water, with a wide, flat body and a heavy, narrowly - webbed tail.
Conclusion
The Ice Frog, Amietia vertebralis, is more than just an amphibian; it is a symbol of the untouched, pristine wilderness of high - altitude aquatic ecosystems.
As we explore and learn more about this fascinating species, we're reminded of the delicate balance of nature and the importance of conservation efforts to protect these unique habitats.
About The Author
Kyle Grobler is a passionate environmentalist and esteemed field guide from Potchefstroom. With an unparalleled love for nature, he boasts a vast collection of over 40,000 photos, illustrating his particular affinity for birds.
Known by many as the embodiment of a true bushman, Kyle has ventured through various South African game reserves and frequently explores the Vaal River's hidden treasures. As a new contributor to the Potch Gazette's environmental page, readers can anticipate immersive tales of Potchefstroom's natural wonders through Kyle's expert lens.
To see more from Kyle and his bush experiences you can also view his Youtube Channel here: Kyle Grobler Photography
More Amphibian Stories
For more about amphibians you can click on the link below, they play a major role in nature as we see it today and are worth conserving.
The Cape Platanna: Click Here
The Painted Reed Frog: Click Here
Natal Tree Frog: Click Here
Comments, Suggestions, Stories
Please do feel free to add any comments in our comments section below, we always love to hear about great birds and experiences from our readers.
